Experiment code 20.1.3.27
Experiment Title Assessment of natural, organic and conventional farming modules against insect pest and disease of groundnut
Research Type Departmental Research
Experiment Background Nature farming was first advocated as an alternative to chemical farming in 1935 by Mokichi Okada (1882-1955), a Japanese philosopher. Nature Farming, called “Shi Zen Nohhoh” in Japanese are translated to “Natural Agriculture” or “Natural Farming “instead Nature Farming. As proposed by Okada, nature farming must respect nature and follow the law of nature without harming the environment. For agriculture or faming practice, it needs the three factors without exclusion, the heaven (weather and climate, light and temperature), earth (the land and the related conditions), and the human being. All the three factors must follow the nature and therefore farming must follow nature or the law of nature too. This is the key point of Okada’s nature farming philosophy. Natural farming is related to soil microbiology. It involves chemical free farming and livestock based farming method. It’s a diversified farming system that integrates crops, tree and live stocks allowing the optimum used of functional biodiversity. Natural farming, also commonly/synonymously known as zero budget natural farming (ZBNF), Subash Palekar Natural Farming, etc., relies mostly on enhancing native supply of soil nutrients through microbial processes. It is a type of farming which emphasizes on the use of local species of microbes, earthworms and enriches the soil or fulfils the soil organic matter demand through mulching and intercropping.The four pillars of natural farming include application of Beejamrit, Jeevamrit/Ghanjeevamrit,, Acchadana (mulching: live with intercropping or with crop residues) and Whapasa (condition where there are both air molecules and water molecules present in the soil, irrigating in alternate furrows during noon) (,Palekar, 2014 and FAO, 2016). Sawant et al. (2007) have isolated many different bacterial genera such as Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kluyvera spp., Morgarella morganii, Pasteurella spp., Providencia alcaligenes, Providencia stuartii and Pseudomonas spp. from cow dung. Gupta et al. (2016) found that many cow dung microorganisms have shown natural ability to increase soil fertility through phosphate solubilization. Lu et al. (2013) isolated 219 bacterial strains from cow dung, among which 59 isolates displayed nematicidal activity against >90% of the tested nematodes. Cow dung has antifungal substance that inhibits the growth of coprophilous fungi (Dhama et al. 2005). Other important principles are intercropping, contour and bund system, local species of earthworm. Palekar also gave formulae for pest management, Agniastra, Brahmastra, Neemastra. According to NITI Aayog “Natural Farming in the Indian context is a holistic agricultural production system in tandem with the laws of nature to provide food for all living beings ensuring production without harming the panchmahaboota or panchtatva (Prithvi, Agni, Jal, Vaayu and Aakash)”. Today, conventional farming is a common method of farming using external inputs and use of chemicals and fertilizers giving more emphasis on yield maximization rather than yield optimization leading to soil fatigue, high cost of production, declining factor productivity and causing imbalance in the ecosystem and lead to high dependency of the farmers on the market forces. So experiment will do change in agriculture without change in Nature. The groundnut is a very significant oilseed crop in India, and it is grown extensively across the country during both the Kharif and Rabi-Summer season. Stem and collar rot is a soil-borne diseases and foliar diseases viz., Early and late leaf spot, rust are the major limiting factor in production.
Experiment Group Plant Protection
Unit Type (01)RESEARCH UNIT
Unit (55)REGIONAL RICE RESEARCH STATION (VYARA)
Department (274)Regional Rice Research Station, NAU, VYARA
BudgetHead (321/05008/00)321/12/REG/00689
Objective

To assess insect pest and disease incidence in natural, organic and conventional  farming system
Season Kharif
Location Unit Type (01)RESEARCH UNIT
Location Unit (55)REGIONAL RICE RESEARCH STATION (VYARA)
Location Department (274)Regional Rice Research Station, NAU, VYARA
Plot No A5 New Land
PI Name (NAU-EMP-2011-000441)KEDAR NATH
PI Email drkdkushwaha@nau.in
PI Mobile 8511163620
Year of Approval 2024
Commencement Year 2024
Completion Year 2026
Design of Experiment

Non-replicated large plot technique
Crop Spacing (cm x cm)

30 x10 cm
Gross Plot (m x m) 12 m x 10.0 m (40 rows)
Net Plot (m x m) 10.8 m x 9.20 m (36 rows)
Total Experiment Area (m2) 360 m2
Plot History Last Three Year

Sunhemp

Groundnut

Chickpea
Initial Soil Sample Analysis Report
Initial Soil Sample Analysis Report Attachment Attachment Not Available!
Layout Plan
Layout Plan Attachment Attachment Not Available!
Treatment

Tr.no.

Treatment Details

T1

Modul-I: Natural farming

  1. ST-Beejamrit@ 300 ml/ kg
  2. Ghan Jiwamrit @ 2000 kg/ ha.
  3. Mulching @5 t/ ha. with paddy straw
  4. Jeewamrit @ 1250 l/ ha. (60% at 30 DAS, 40% at peg formation stage)
  5. Neemastra 100%  at first spray at initiation  disease and pest
  6. Butter milk (5 days old fermented)@ 6% at 15 Days after first spray
  7. Bramhastra 10% at 15 Days after Second spray
  8. Angiastra 10% at 15 Days after third spray

T2

Modul-II: Organic farming

  1. Bio-compost@ 2t/ha.
  2. Trichoderma viride (2x106 cfu/g)  10 g/kg seed
  3. Trichoderma viride  (2x106 cfu/g)  @ 2.5 kg/ ha.
  4. PSB @ 2Lt./ha.
  5. Azadirachtin  0.03% @ 5 ml/ Lt.

T3

Modul-III: Conventional farming

  1. Bio-compost@ 3t/ha.+ 25-50-00, NPK kg/ha.
  2. Carboxin37.5%+ Thiram37.5%WS  @ 3g/ kg seed
  3. Imazethapyr 35% + Imazamox 35% WG @ 2 g + 20ml adjuvant/Lt. water
  4. Tebuconazole25.9%EC @ 1.5 ml/Lt. water
  5. Novaluron 05.25 % + Indoxacarb 04.50 % SC @ 2 ml/lt. water

 

Note: Beejamrit@ 300 ml/kg seeds (uniform coating of seeds). Neemastra @ 100%,  Butter milk @ 6%,   Angiastra @ 8% Bramhastra 8 % solution for foliar application @ 400 L. solution /ha. will be use. First spray of natural product will be applied at 20 DAS and repeated at 14 days interval up to 20 days before harvesting. Weedicide will be applied at 25 DAS.  First spray of Fungicide/ Insecticide at the initiation of disease/pest and repeated at 14 days interval.
Treatment Attachment Attachment Not Available!
(NAU-EMP-2011-000441) KEDAR NATH drkdkushwaha@nau.in 8511163620 21-06-2024
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Groudnut
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